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1 <?php 2 /** 3 * Taxonomy API: WP_Tax_Query class 4 * 5 * @package WordPress 6 * @subpackage Taxonomy 7 * @since 4.4.0 8 */ 9 10 /** 11 * Core class used to implement taxonomy queries for the Taxonomy API. 12 * 13 * Used for generating SQL clauses that filter a primary query according to object 14 * taxonomy terms. 15 * 16 * WP_Tax_Query is a helper that allows primary query classes, such as WP_Query, to filter 17 * their results by object metadata, by generating `JOIN` and `WHERE` subclauses to be 18 * attached to the primary SQL query string. 19 * 20 * @since 3.1.0 21 */ 22 class WP_Tax_Query { 23 24 /** 25 * Array of taxonomy queries. 26 * 27 * See WP_Tax_Query::__construct() for information on tax query arguments. 28 * 29 * @since 3.1.0 30 * @var array 31 */ 32 public $queries = array(); 33 34 /** 35 * The relation between the queries. Can be one of 'AND' or 'OR'. 36 * 37 * @since 3.1.0 38 * @var string 39 */ 40 public $relation; 41 42 /** 43 * Standard response when the query should not return any rows. 44 * 45 * @since 3.2.0 46 * @var string 47 */ 48 private static $no_results = array( 49 'join' => array( '' ), 50 'where' => array( '0 = 1' ), 51 ); 52 53 /** 54 * A flat list of table aliases used in the JOIN clauses. 55 * 56 * @since 4.1.0 57 * @var array 58 */ 59 protected $table_aliases = array(); 60 61 /** 62 * Terms and taxonomies fetched by this query. 63 * 64 * We store this data in a flat array because they are referenced in a 65 * number of places by WP_Query. 66 * 67 * @since 4.1.0 68 * @var array 69 */ 70 public $queried_terms = array(); 71 72 /** 73 * Database table that where the metadata's objects are stored (eg $wpdb->users). 74 * 75 * @since 4.1.0 76 * @var string 77 */ 78 public $primary_table; 79 80 /** 81 * Column in 'primary_table' that represents the ID of the object. 82 * 83 * @since 4.1.0 84 * @var string 85 */ 86 public $primary_id_column; 87 88 /** 89 * Constructor. 90 * 91 * @since 3.1.0 92 * @since 4.1.0 Added support for `$operator` 'NOT EXISTS' and 'EXISTS' values. 93 * 94 * @param array $tax_query { 95 * Array of taxonomy query clauses. 96 * 97 * @type string $relation Optional. The MySQL keyword used to join 98 * the clauses of the query. Accepts 'AND', or 'OR'. Default 'AND'. 99 * @type array ...$0 { 100 * An array of first-order clause parameters, or another fully-formed tax query. 101 * 102 * @type string $taxonomy Taxonomy being queried. Optional when field=term_taxonomy_id. 103 * @type string|int|array $terms Term or terms to filter by. 104 * @type string $field Field to match $terms against. Accepts 'term_id', 'slug', 105 * 'name', or 'term_taxonomy_id'. Default: 'term_id'. 106 * @type string $operator MySQL operator to be used with $terms in the WHERE clause. 107 * Accepts 'AND', 'IN', 'NOT IN', 'EXISTS', 'NOT EXISTS'. 108 * Default: 'IN'. 109 * @type bool $include_children Optional. Whether to include child terms. 110 * Requires a $taxonomy. Default: true. 111 * } 112 * } 113 */ 114 public function __construct( $tax_query ) { 115 if ( isset( $tax_query['relation'] ) ) { 116 $this->relation = $this->sanitize_relation( $tax_query['relation'] ); 117 } else { 118 $this->relation = 'AND'; 119 } 120 121 $this->queries = $this->sanitize_query( $tax_query ); 122 } 123 124 /** 125 * Ensure the 'tax_query' argument passed to the class constructor is well-formed. 126 * 127 * Ensures that each query-level clause has a 'relation' key, and that 128 * each first-order clause contains all the necessary keys from `$defaults`. 129 * 130 * @since 4.1.0 131 * 132 * @param array $queries Array of queries clauses. 133 * @return array Sanitized array of query clauses. 134 */ 135 public function sanitize_query( $queries ) { 136 $cleaned_query = array(); 137 138 $defaults = array( 139 'taxonomy' => '', 140 'terms' => array(), 141 'field' => 'term_id', 142 'operator' => 'IN', 143 'include_children' => true, 144 ); 145 146 foreach ( $queries as $key => $query ) { 147 if ( 'relation' === $key ) { 148 $cleaned_query['relation'] = $this->sanitize_relation( $query ); 149 150 // First-order clause. 151 } elseif ( self::is_first_order_clause( $query ) ) { 152 153 $cleaned_clause = array_merge( $defaults, $query ); 154 $cleaned_clause['terms'] = (array) $cleaned_clause['terms']; 155 $cleaned_query[] = $cleaned_clause; 156 157 /* 158 * Keep a copy of the clause in the flate 159 * $queried_terms array, for use in WP_Query. 160 */ 161 if ( ! empty( $cleaned_clause['taxonomy'] ) && 'NOT IN' !== $cleaned_clause['operator'] ) { 162 $taxonomy = $cleaned_clause['taxonomy']; 163 if ( ! isset( $this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ] ) ) { 164 $this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ] = array(); 165 } 166 167 /* 168 * Backward compatibility: Only store the first 169 * 'terms' and 'field' found for a given taxonomy. 170 */ 171 if ( ! empty( $cleaned_clause['terms'] ) && ! isset( $this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ]['terms'] ) ) { 172 $this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ]['terms'] = $cleaned_clause['terms']; 173 } 174 175 if ( ! empty( $cleaned_clause['field'] ) && ! isset( $this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ]['field'] ) ) { 176 $this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ]['field'] = $cleaned_clause['field']; 177 } 178 } 179 180 // Otherwise, it's a nested query, so we recurse. 181 } elseif ( is_array( $query ) ) { 182 $cleaned_subquery = $this->sanitize_query( $query ); 183 184 if ( ! empty( $cleaned_subquery ) ) { 185 // All queries with children must have a relation. 186 if ( ! isset( $cleaned_subquery['relation'] ) ) { 187 $cleaned_subquery['relation'] = 'AND'; 188 } 189 190 $cleaned_query[] = $cleaned_subquery; 191 } 192 } 193 } 194 195 return $cleaned_query; 196 } 197 198 /** 199 * Sanitize a 'relation' operator. 200 * 201 * @since 4.1.0 202 * 203 * @param string $relation Raw relation key from the query argument. 204 * @return string Sanitized relation ('AND' or 'OR'). 205 */ 206 public function sanitize_relation( $relation ) { 207 if ( 'OR' === strtoupper( $relation ) ) { 208 return 'OR'; 209 } else { 210 return 'AND'; 211 } 212 } 213 214 /** 215 * Determine whether a clause is first-order. 216 * 217 * A "first-order" clause is one that contains any of the first-order 218 * clause keys ('terms', 'taxonomy', 'include_children', 'field', 219 * 'operator'). An empty clause also counts as a first-order clause, 220 * for backward compatibility. Any clause that doesn't meet this is 221 * determined, by process of elimination, to be a higher-order query. 222 * 223 * @since 4.1.0 224 * 225 * @param array $query Tax query arguments. 226 * @return bool Whether the query clause is a first-order clause. 227 */ 228 protected static function is_first_order_clause( $query ) { 229 return is_array( $query ) && ( empty( $query ) || array_key_exists( 'terms', $query ) || array_key_exists( 'taxonomy', $query ) || array_key_exists( 'include_children', $query ) || array_key_exists( 'field', $query ) || array_key_exists( 'operator', $query ) ); 230 } 231 232 /** 233 * Generates SQL clauses to be appended to a main query. 234 * 235 * @since 3.1.0 236 * 237 * @param string $primary_table Database table where the object being filtered is stored (eg wp_users). 238 * @param string $primary_id_column ID column for the filtered object in $primary_table. 239 * @return string[] { 240 * Array containing JOIN and WHERE SQL clauses to append to the main query. 241 * 242 * @type string $join SQL fragment to append to the main JOIN clause. 243 * @type string $where SQL fragment to append to the main WHERE clause. 244 * } 245 */ 246 public function get_sql( $primary_table, $primary_id_column ) { 247 $this->primary_table = $primary_table; 248 $this->primary_id_column = $primary_id_column; 249 250 return $this->get_sql_clauses(); 251 } 252 253 /** 254 * Generate SQL clauses to be appended to a main query. 255 * 256 * Called by the public WP_Tax_Query::get_sql(), this method 257 * is abstracted out to maintain parity with the other Query classes. 258 * 259 * @since 4.1.0 260 * 261 * @return string[] { 262 * Array containing JOIN and WHERE SQL clauses to append to the main query. 263 * 264 * @type string $join SQL fragment to append to the main JOIN clause. 265 * @type string $where SQL fragment to append to the main WHERE clause. 266 * } 267 */ 268 protected function get_sql_clauses() { 269 /* 270 * $queries are passed by reference to get_sql_for_query() for recursion. 271 * To keep $this->queries unaltered, pass a copy. 272 */ 273 $queries = $this->queries; 274 $sql = $this->get_sql_for_query( $queries ); 275 276 if ( ! empty( $sql['where'] ) ) { 277 $sql['where'] = ' AND ' . $sql['where']; 278 } 279 280 return $sql; 281 } 282 283 /** 284 * Generate SQL clauses for a single query array. 285 * 286 * If nested subqueries are found, this method recurses the tree to 287 * produce the properly nested SQL. 288 * 289 * @since 4.1.0 290 * 291 * @param array $query Query to parse (passed by reference). 292 * @param int $depth Optional. Number of tree levels deep we currently are. 293 * Used to calculate indentation. Default 0. 294 * @return string[] { 295 * Array containing JOIN and WHERE SQL clauses to append to a single query array. 296 * 297 * @type string $join SQL fragment to append to the main JOIN clause. 298 * @type string $where SQL fragment to append to the main WHERE clause. 299 * } 300 */ 301 protected function get_sql_for_query( &$query, $depth = 0 ) { 302 $sql_chunks = array( 303 'join' => array(), 304 'where' => array(), 305 ); 306 307 $sql = array( 308 'join' => '', 309 'where' => '', 310 ); 311 312 $indent = ''; 313 for ( $i = 0; $i < $depth; $i++ ) { 314 $indent .= ' '; 315 } 316 317 foreach ( $query as $key => &$clause ) { 318 if ( 'relation' === $key ) { 319 $relation = $query['relation']; 320 } elseif ( is_array( $clause ) ) { 321 322 // This is a first-order clause. 323 if ( $this->is_first_order_clause( $clause ) ) { 324 $clause_sql = $this->get_sql_for_clause( $clause, $query ); 325 326 $where_count = count( $clause_sql['where'] ); 327 if ( ! $where_count ) { 328 $sql_chunks['where'][] = ''; 329 } elseif ( 1 === $where_count ) { 330 $sql_chunks['where'][] = $clause_sql['where'][0]; 331 } else { 332 $sql_chunks['where'][] = '( ' . implode( ' AND ', $clause_sql['where'] ) . ' )'; 333 } 334 335 $sql_chunks['join'] = array_merge( $sql_chunks['join'], $clause_sql['join'] ); 336 // This is a subquery, so we recurse. 337 } else { 338 $clause_sql = $this->get_sql_for_query( $clause, $depth + 1 ); 339 340 $sql_chunks['where'][] = $clause_sql['where']; 341 $sql_chunks['join'][] = $clause_sql['join']; 342 } 343 } 344 } 345 346 // Filter to remove empties. 347 $sql_chunks['join'] = array_filter( $sql_chunks['join'] ); 348 $sql_chunks['where'] = array_filter( $sql_chunks['where'] ); 349 350 if ( empty( $relation ) ) { 351 $relation = 'AND'; 352 } 353 354 // Filter duplicate JOIN clauses and combine into a single string. 355 if ( ! empty( $sql_chunks['join'] ) ) { 356 $sql['join'] = implode( ' ', array_unique( $sql_chunks['join'] ) ); 357 } 358 359 // Generate a single WHERE clause with proper brackets and indentation. 360 if ( ! empty( $sql_chunks['where'] ) ) { 361 $sql['where'] = '( ' . "\n " . $indent . implode( ' ' . "\n " . $indent . $relation . ' ' . "\n " . $indent, $sql_chunks['where'] ) . "\n" . $indent . ')'; 362 } 363 364 return $sql; 365 } 366 367 /** 368 * Generate SQL JOIN and WHERE clauses for a "first-order" query clause. 369 * 370 * @since 4.1.0 371 * 372 * @global wpdb $wpdb The WordPress database abstraction object. 373 * 374 * @param array $clause Query clause (passed by reference). 375 * @param array $parent_query Parent query array. 376 * @return string[] { 377 * Array containing JOIN and WHERE SQL clauses to append to a first-order query. 378 * 379 * @type string $join SQL fragment to append to the main JOIN clause. 380 * @type string $where SQL fragment to append to the main WHERE clause. 381 * } 382 */ 383 public function get_sql_for_clause( &$clause, $parent_query ) { 384 global $wpdb; 385 386 $sql = array( 387 'where' => array(), 388 'join' => array(), 389 ); 390 391 $join = ''; 392 $where = ''; 393 394 $this->clean_query( $clause ); 395 396 if ( is_wp_error( $clause ) ) { 397 return self::$no_results; 398 } 399 400 $terms = $clause['terms']; 401 $operator = strtoupper( $clause['operator'] ); 402 403 if ( 'IN' === $operator ) { 404 405 if ( empty( $terms ) ) { 406 return self::$no_results; 407 } 408 409 $terms = implode( ',', $terms ); 410 411 /* 412 * Before creating another table join, see if this clause has a 413 * sibling with an existing join that can be shared. 414 */ 415 $alias = $this->find_compatible_table_alias( $clause, $parent_query ); 416 if ( false === $alias ) { 417 $i = count( $this->table_aliases ); 418 $alias = $i ? 'tt' . $i : $wpdb->term_relationships; 419 420 // Store the alias as part of a flat array to build future iterators. 421 $this->table_aliases[] = $alias; 422 423 // Store the alias with this clause, so later siblings can use it. 424 $clause['alias'] = $alias; 425 426 $join .= " LEFT JOIN $wpdb->term_relationships"; 427 $join .= $i ? " AS $alias" : ''; 428 $join .= " ON ($this->primary_table.$this->primary_id_column = $alias.object_id)"; 429 } 430 431 $where = "$alias.term_taxonomy_id $operator ($terms)"; 432 433 } elseif ( 'NOT IN' === $operator ) { 434 435 if ( empty( $terms ) ) { 436 return $sql; 437 } 438 439 $terms = implode( ',', $terms ); 440 441 $where = "$this->primary_table.$this->primary_id_column NOT IN ( 442 SELECT object_id 443 FROM $wpdb->term_relationships 444 WHERE term_taxonomy_id IN ($terms) 445 )"; 446 447 } elseif ( 'AND' === $operator ) { 448 449 if ( empty( $terms ) ) { 450 return $sql; 451 } 452 453 $num_terms = count( $terms ); 454 455 $terms = implode( ',', $terms ); 456 457 $where = "( 458 SELECT COUNT(1) 459 FROM $wpdb->term_relationships 460 WHERE term_taxonomy_id IN ($terms) 461 AND object_id = $this->primary_table.$this->primary_id_column 462 ) = $num_terms"; 463 464 } elseif ( 'NOT EXISTS' === $operator || 'EXISTS' === $operator ) { 465 466 $where = $wpdb->prepare( 467 "$operator ( 468 SELECT 1 469 FROM $wpdb->term_relationships 470 INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_taxonomy 471 ON $wpdb->term_taxonomy.term_taxonomy_id = $wpdb->term_relationships.term_taxonomy_id 472 WHERE $wpdb->term_taxonomy.taxonomy = %s 473 AND $wpdb->term_relationships.object_id = $this->primary_table.$this->primary_id_column 474 )", 475 $clause['taxonomy'] 476 ); 477 478 } 479 480 $sql['join'][] = $join; 481 $sql['where'][] = $where; 482 return $sql; 483 } 484 485 /** 486 * Identify an existing table alias that is compatible with the current query clause. 487 * 488 * We avoid unnecessary table joins by allowing each clause to look for 489 * an existing table alias that is compatible with the query that it 490 * needs to perform. 491 * 492 * An existing alias is compatible if (a) it is a sibling of `$clause` 493 * (ie, it's under the scope of the same relation), and (b) the combination 494 * of operator and relation between the clauses allows for a shared table 495 * join. In the case of WP_Tax_Query, this only applies to 'IN' 496 * clauses that are connected by the relation 'OR'. 497 * 498 * @since 4.1.0 499 * 500 * @param array $clause Query clause. 501 * @param array $parent_query Parent query of $clause. 502 * @return string|false Table alias if found, otherwise false. 503 */ 504 protected function find_compatible_table_alias( $clause, $parent_query ) { 505 $alias = false; 506 507 // Sanity check. Only IN queries use the JOIN syntax. 508 if ( ! isset( $clause['operator'] ) || 'IN' !== $clause['operator'] ) { 509 return $alias; 510 } 511 512 // Since we're only checking IN queries, we're only concerned with OR relations. 513 if ( ! isset( $parent_query['relation'] ) || 'OR' !== $parent_query['relation'] ) { 514 return $alias; 515 } 516 517 $compatible_operators = array( 'IN' ); 518 519 foreach ( $parent_query as $sibling ) { 520 if ( ! is_array( $sibling ) || ! $this->is_first_order_clause( $sibling ) ) { 521 continue; 522 } 523 524 if ( empty( $sibling['alias'] ) || empty( $sibling['operator'] ) ) { 525 continue; 526 } 527 528 // The sibling must both have compatible operator to share its alias. 529 if ( in_array( strtoupper( $sibling['operator'] ), $compatible_operators, true ) ) { 530 $alias = preg_replace( '/\W/', '_', $sibling['alias'] ); 531 break; 532 } 533 } 534 535 return $alias; 536 } 537 538 /** 539 * Validates a single query. 540 * 541 * @since 3.2.0 542 * 543 * @param array $query The single query. Passed by reference. 544 */ 545 private function clean_query( &$query ) { 546 if ( empty( $query['taxonomy'] ) ) { 547 if ( 'term_taxonomy_id' !== $query['field'] ) { 548 $query = new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) ); 549 return; 550 } 551 552 // So long as there are shared terms, 'include_children' requires that a taxonomy is set. 553 $query['include_children'] = false; 554 } elseif ( ! taxonomy_exists( $query['taxonomy'] ) ) { 555 $query = new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) ); 556 return; 557 } 558 559 if ( 'slug' === $query['field'] || 'name' === $query['field'] ) { 560 $query['terms'] = array_unique( (array) $query['terms'] ); 561 } else { 562 $query['terms'] = wp_parse_id_list( $query['terms'] ); 563 } 564 565 if ( is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $query['taxonomy'] ) && $query['include_children'] ) { 566 $this->transform_query( $query, 'term_id' ); 567 568 if ( is_wp_error( $query ) ) { 569 return; 570 } 571 572 $children = array(); 573 foreach ( $query['terms'] as $term ) { 574 $children = array_merge( $children, get_term_children( $term, $query['taxonomy'] ) ); 575 $children[] = $term; 576 } 577 $query['terms'] = $children; 578 } 579 580 $this->transform_query( $query, 'term_taxonomy_id' ); 581 } 582 583 /** 584 * Transforms a single query, from one field to another. 585 * 586 * Operates on the `$query` object by reference. In the case of error, 587 * `$query` is converted to a WP_Error object. 588 * 589 * @since 3.2.0 590 * 591 * @global wpdb $wpdb The WordPress database abstraction object. 592 * 593 * @param array $query The single query. Passed by reference. 594 * @param string $resulting_field The resulting field. Accepts 'slug', 'name', 'term_taxonomy_id', 595 * or 'term_id'. Default 'term_id'. 596 */ 597 public function transform_query( &$query, $resulting_field ) { 598 if ( empty( $query['terms'] ) ) { 599 return; 600 } 601 602 if ( $query['field'] == $resulting_field ) { 603 return; 604 } 605 606 $resulting_field = sanitize_key( $resulting_field ); 607 608 // Empty 'terms' always results in a null transformation. 609 $terms = array_filter( $query['terms'] ); 610 if ( empty( $terms ) ) { 611 $query['terms'] = array(); 612 $query['field'] = $resulting_field; 613 return; 614 } 615 616 $args = array( 617 'get' => 'all', 618 'number' => 0, 619 'taxonomy' => $query['taxonomy'], 620 'update_term_meta_cache' => false, 621 'orderby' => 'none', 622 ); 623 624 // Term query parameter name depends on the 'field' being searched on. 625 switch ( $query['field'] ) { 626 case 'slug': 627 $args['slug'] = $terms; 628 break; 629 case 'name': 630 $args['name'] = $terms; 631 break; 632 case 'term_taxonomy_id': 633 $args['term_taxonomy_id'] = $terms; 634 break; 635 default: 636 $args['include'] = wp_parse_id_list( $terms ); 637 break; 638 } 639 640 if ( ! is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $query['taxonomy'] ) ) { 641 $args['number'] = count( $terms ); 642 } 643 644 $term_query = new WP_Term_Query(); 645 $term_list = $term_query->query( $args ); 646 647 if ( is_wp_error( $term_list ) ) { 648 $query = $term_list; 649 return; 650 } 651 652 if ( 'AND' === $query['operator'] && count( $term_list ) < count( $query['terms'] ) ) { 653 $query = new WP_Error( 'inexistent_terms', __( 'Inexistent terms.' ) ); 654 return; 655 } 656 657 $query['terms'] = wp_list_pluck( $term_list, $resulting_field ); 658 $query['field'] = $resulting_field; 659 } 660 }
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