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1 // Backbone.js 1.4.1 2 3 // (c) 2010-2022 Jeremy Ashkenas and DocumentCloud 4 // Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license. 5 // For all details and documentation: 6 // http://backbonejs.org 7 8 (function(factory) { 9 10 // Establish the root object, `window` (`self`) in the browser, or `global` on the server. 11 // We use `self` instead of `window` for `WebWorker` support. 12 var root = typeof self == 'object' && self.self === self && self || 13 typeof global == 'object' && global.global === global && global; 14 15 // Set up Backbone appropriately for the environment. Start with AMD. 16 if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) { 17 define(['underscore', 'jquery', 'exports'], function(_, $, exports) { 18 // Export global even in AMD case in case this script is loaded with 19 // others that may still expect a global Backbone. 20 root.Backbone = factory(root, exports, _, $); 21 }); 22 23 // Next for Node.js or CommonJS. jQuery may not be needed as a module. 24 } else if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') { 25 var _ = require('underscore'), $; 26 try { $ = require('jquery'); } catch (e) {} 27 factory(root, exports, _, $); 28 29 // Finally, as a browser global. 30 } else { 31 root.Backbone = factory(root, {}, root._, root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender || root.$); 32 } 33 34 })(function(root, Backbone, _, $) { 35 36 // Initial Setup 37 // ------------- 38 39 // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be 40 // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used. 41 var previousBackbone = root.Backbone; 42 43 // Create a local reference to a common array method we'll want to use later. 44 var slice = Array.prototype.slice; 45 46 // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`. 47 Backbone.VERSION = '1.4.1'; 48 49 // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns 50 // the `$` variable. 51 Backbone.$ = $; 52 53 // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable 54 // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object. 55 Backbone.noConflict = function() { 56 root.Backbone = previousBackbone; 57 return this; 58 }; 59 60 // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option 61 // will fake `"PATCH"`, `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and 62 // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header. 63 Backbone.emulateHTTP = false; 64 65 // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct 66 // `application/json` requests ... this will encode the body as 67 // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a 68 // form param named `model`. 69 Backbone.emulateJSON = false; 70 71 // Backbone.Events 72 // --------------- 73 74 // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with 75 // a custom event channel. You may bind a callback to an event with `on` or 76 // remove with `off`; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in 77 // succession. 78 // 79 // var object = {}; 80 // _.extend(object, Backbone.Events); 81 // object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); }); 82 // object.trigger('expand'); 83 // 84 var Events = Backbone.Events = {}; 85 86 // Regular expression used to split event strings. 87 var eventSplitter = /\s+/; 88 89 // A private global variable to share between listeners and listenees. 90 var _listening; 91 92 // Iterates over the standard `event, callback` (as well as the fancy multiple 93 // space-separated events `"change blur", callback` and jQuery-style event 94 // maps `{event: callback}`). 95 var eventsApi = function(iteratee, events, name, callback, opts) { 96 var i = 0, names; 97 if (name && typeof name === 'object') { 98 // Handle event maps. 99 if (callback !== void 0 && 'context' in opts && opts.context === void 0) opts.context = callback; 100 for (names = _.keys(name); i < names.length ; i++) { 101 events = eventsApi(iteratee, events, names[i], name[names[i]], opts); 102 } 103 } else if (name && eventSplitter.test(name)) { 104 // Handle space-separated event names by delegating them individually. 105 for (names = name.split(eventSplitter); i < names.length; i++) { 106 events = iteratee(events, names[i], callback, opts); 107 } 108 } else { 109 // Finally, standard events. 110 events = iteratee(events, name, callback, opts); 111 } 112 return events; 113 }; 114 115 // Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind 116 // the callback to all events fired. 117 Events.on = function(name, callback, context) { 118 this._events = eventsApi(onApi, this._events || {}, name, callback, { 119 context: context, 120 ctx: this, 121 listening: _listening 122 }); 123 124 if (_listening) { 125 var listeners = this._listeners || (this._listeners = {}); 126 listeners[_listening.id] = _listening; 127 // Allow the listening to use a counter, instead of tracking 128 // callbacks for library interop 129 _listening.interop = false; 130 } 131 132 return this; 133 }; 134 135 // Inversion-of-control versions of `on`. Tell *this* object to listen to 136 // an event in another object... keeping track of what it's listening to 137 // for easier unbinding later. 138 Events.listenTo = function(obj, name, callback) { 139 if (!obj) return this; 140 var id = obj._listenId || (obj._listenId = _.uniqueId('l')); 141 var listeningTo = this._listeningTo || (this._listeningTo = {}); 142 var listening = _listening = listeningTo[id]; 143 144 // This object is not listening to any other events on `obj` yet. 145 // Setup the necessary references to track the listening callbacks. 146 if (!listening) { 147 this._listenId || (this._listenId = _.uniqueId('l')); 148 listening = _listening = listeningTo[id] = new Listening(this, obj); 149 } 150 151 // Bind callbacks on obj. 152 var error = tryCatchOn(obj, name, callback, this); 153 _listening = void 0; 154 155 if (error) throw error; 156 // If the target obj is not Backbone.Events, track events manually. 157 if (listening.interop) listening.on(name, callback); 158 159 return this; 160 }; 161 162 // The reducing API that adds a callback to the `events` object. 163 var onApi = function(events, name, callback, options) { 164 if (callback) { 165 var handlers = events[name] || (events[name] = []); 166 var context = options.context, ctx = options.ctx, listening = options.listening; 167 if (listening) listening.count++; 168 169 handlers.push({callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || ctx, listening: listening}); 170 } 171 return events; 172 }; 173 174 // An try-catch guarded #on function, to prevent poisoning the global 175 // `_listening` variable. 176 var tryCatchOn = function(obj, name, callback, context) { 177 try { 178 obj.on(name, callback, context); 179 } catch (e) { 180 return e; 181 } 182 }; 183 184 // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all 185 // callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all 186 // callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound 187 // callbacks for all events. 188 Events.off = function(name, callback, context) { 189 if (!this._events) return this; 190 this._events = eventsApi(offApi, this._events, name, callback, { 191 context: context, 192 listeners: this._listeners 193 }); 194 195 return this; 196 }; 197 198 // Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or 199 // to every object it's currently listening to. 200 Events.stopListening = function(obj, name, callback) { 201 var listeningTo = this._listeningTo; 202 if (!listeningTo) return this; 203 204 var ids = obj ? [obj._listenId] : _.keys(listeningTo); 205 for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) { 206 var listening = listeningTo[ids[i]]; 207 208 // If listening doesn't exist, this object is not currently 209 // listening to obj. Break out early. 210 if (!listening) break; 211 212 listening.obj.off(name, callback, this); 213 if (listening.interop) listening.off(name, callback); 214 } 215 if (_.isEmpty(listeningTo)) this._listeningTo = void 0; 216 217 return this; 218 }; 219 220 // The reducing API that removes a callback from the `events` object. 221 var offApi = function(events, name, callback, options) { 222 if (!events) return; 223 224 var context = options.context, listeners = options.listeners; 225 var i = 0, names; 226 227 // Delete all event listeners and "drop" events. 228 if (!name && !context && !callback) { 229 for (names = _.keys(listeners); i < names.length; i++) { 230 listeners[names[i]].cleanup(); 231 } 232 return; 233 } 234 235 names = name ? [name] : _.keys(events); 236 for (; i < names.length; i++) { 237 name = names[i]; 238 var handlers = events[name]; 239 240 // Bail out if there are no events stored. 241 if (!handlers) break; 242 243 // Find any remaining events. 244 var remaining = []; 245 for (var j = 0; j < handlers.length; j++) { 246 var handler = handlers[j]; 247 if ( 248 callback && callback !== handler.callback && 249 callback !== handler.callback._callback || 250 context && context !== handler.context 251 ) { 252 remaining.push(handler); 253 } else { 254 var listening = handler.listening; 255 if (listening) listening.off(name, callback); 256 } 257 } 258 259 // Replace events if there are any remaining. Otherwise, clean up. 260 if (remaining.length) { 261 events[name] = remaining; 262 } else { 263 delete events[name]; 264 } 265 } 266 267 return events; 268 }; 269 270 // Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time 271 // the callback is invoked, its listener will be removed. If multiple events 272 // are passed in using the space-separated syntax, the handler will fire 273 // once for each event, not once for a combination of all events. 274 Events.once = function(name, callback, context) { 275 // Map the event into a `{event: once}` object. 276 var events = eventsApi(onceMap, {}, name, callback, this.off.bind(this)); 277 if (typeof name === 'string' && context == null) callback = void 0; 278 return this.on(events, callback, context); 279 }; 280 281 // Inversion-of-control versions of `once`. 282 Events.listenToOnce = function(obj, name, callback) { 283 // Map the event into a `{event: once}` object. 284 var events = eventsApi(onceMap, {}, name, callback, this.stopListening.bind(this, obj)); 285 return this.listenTo(obj, events); 286 }; 287 288 // Reduces the event callbacks into a map of `{event: onceWrapper}`. 289 // `offer` unbinds the `onceWrapper` after it has been called. 290 var onceMap = function(map, name, callback, offer) { 291 if (callback) { 292 var once = map[name] = _.once(function() { 293 offer(name, once); 294 callback.apply(this, arguments); 295 }); 296 once._callback = callback; 297 } 298 return map; 299 }; 300 301 // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are 302 // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name 303 // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to 304 // receive the true name of the event as the first argument). 305 Events.trigger = function(name) { 306 if (!this._events) return this; 307 308 var length = Math.max(0, arguments.length - 1); 309 var args = Array(length); 310 for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) args[i] = arguments[i + 1]; 311 312 eventsApi(triggerApi, this._events, name, void 0, args); 313 return this; 314 }; 315 316 // Handles triggering the appropriate event callbacks. 317 var triggerApi = function(objEvents, name, callback, args) { 318 if (objEvents) { 319 var events = objEvents[name]; 320 var allEvents = objEvents.all; 321 if (events && allEvents) allEvents = allEvents.slice(); 322 if (events) triggerEvents(events, args); 323 if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, [name].concat(args)); 324 } 325 return objEvents; 326 }; 327 328 // A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for 329 // triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal 330 // Backbone events have 3 arguments). 331 var triggerEvents = function(events, args) { 332 var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2]; 333 switch (args.length) { 334 case 0: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); return; 335 case 1: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); return; 336 case 2: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); return; 337 case 3: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); return; 338 default: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args); return; 339 } 340 }; 341 342 // A listening class that tracks and cleans up memory bindings 343 // when all callbacks have been offed. 344 var Listening = function(listener, obj) { 345 this.id = listener._listenId; 346 this.listener = listener; 347 this.obj = obj; 348 this.interop = true; 349 this.count = 0; 350 this._events = void 0; 351 }; 352 353 Listening.prototype.on = Events.on; 354 355 // Offs a callback (or several). 356 // Uses an optimized counter if the listenee uses Backbone.Events. 357 // Otherwise, falls back to manual tracking to support events 358 // library interop. 359 Listening.prototype.off = function(name, callback) { 360 var cleanup; 361 if (this.interop) { 362 this._events = eventsApi(offApi, this._events, name, callback, { 363 context: void 0, 364 listeners: void 0 365 }); 366 cleanup = !this._events; 367 } else { 368 this.count--; 369 cleanup = this.count === 0; 370 } 371 if (cleanup) this.cleanup(); 372 }; 373 374 // Cleans up memory bindings between the listener and the listenee. 375 Listening.prototype.cleanup = function() { 376 delete this.listener._listeningTo[this.obj._listenId]; 377 if (!this.interop) delete this.obj._listeners[this.id]; 378 }; 379 380 // Aliases for backwards compatibility. 381 Events.bind = Events.on; 382 Events.unbind = Events.off; 383 384 // Allow the `Backbone` object to serve as a global event bus, for folks who 385 // want global "pubsub" in a convenient place. 386 _.extend(Backbone, Events); 387 388 // Backbone.Model 389 // -------------- 390 391 // Backbone **Models** are the basic data object in the framework -- 392 // frequently representing a row in a table in a database on your server. 393 // A discrete chunk of data and a bunch of useful, related methods for 394 // performing computations and transformations on that data. 395 396 // Create a new model with the specified attributes. A client id (`cid`) 397 // is automatically generated and assigned for you. 398 var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) { 399 var attrs = attributes || {}; 400 options || (options = {}); 401 this.preinitialize.apply(this, arguments); 402 this.cid = _.uniqueId(this.cidPrefix); 403 this.attributes = {}; 404 if (options.collection) this.collection = options.collection; 405 if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {}; 406 var defaults = _.result(this, 'defaults'); 407 attrs = _.defaults(_.extend({}, defaults, attrs), defaults); 408 this.set(attrs, options); 409 this.changed = {}; 410 this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); 411 }; 412 413 // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype. 414 _.extend(Model.prototype, Events, { 415 416 // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ. 417 changed: null, 418 419 // The value returned during the last failed validation. 420 validationError: null, 421 422 // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and 423 // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`. 424 idAttribute: 'id', 425 426 // The prefix is used to create the client id which is used to identify models locally. 427 // You may want to override this if you're experiencing name clashes with model ids. 428 cidPrefix: 'c', 429 430 // preinitialize is an empty function by default. You can override it with a function 431 // or object. preinitialize will run before any instantiation logic is run in the Model. 432 preinitialize: function(){}, 433 434 // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own 435 // initialization logic. 436 initialize: function(){}, 437 438 // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object. 439 toJSON: function(options) { 440 return _.clone(this.attributes); 441 }, 442 443 // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default -- but override this if you need 444 // custom syncing semantics for *this* particular model. 445 sync: function() { 446 return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments); 447 }, 448 449 // Get the value of an attribute. 450 get: function(attr) { 451 return this.attributes[attr]; 452 }, 453 454 // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute. 455 escape: function(attr) { 456 return _.escape(this.get(attr)); 457 }, 458 459 // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null 460 // or undefined. 461 has: function(attr) { 462 return this.get(attr) != null; 463 }, 464 465 // Special-cased proxy to underscore's `_.matches` method. 466 matches: function(attrs) { 467 return !!_.iteratee(attrs, this)(this.attributes); 468 }, 469 470 // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"`. This is 471 // the core primitive operation of a model, updating the data and notifying 472 // anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast. 473 set: function(key, val, options) { 474 if (key == null) return this; 475 476 // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments. 477 var attrs; 478 if (typeof key === 'object') { 479 attrs = key; 480 options = val; 481 } else { 482 (attrs = {})[key] = val; 483 } 484 485 options || (options = {}); 486 487 // Run validation. 488 if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false; 489 490 // Extract attributes and options. 491 var unset = options.unset; 492 var silent = options.silent; 493 var changes = []; 494 var changing = this._changing; 495 this._changing = true; 496 497 if (!changing) { 498 this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes); 499 this.changed = {}; 500 } 501 502 var current = this.attributes; 503 var changed = this.changed; 504 var prev = this._previousAttributes; 505 506 // For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value. 507 for (var attr in attrs) { 508 val = attrs[attr]; 509 if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr); 510 if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) { 511 changed[attr] = val; 512 } else { 513 delete changed[attr]; 514 } 515 unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val; 516 } 517 518 // Update the `id`. 519 if (this.idAttribute in attrs) { 520 var prevId = this.id; 521 this.id = this.get(this.idAttribute); 522 this.trigger('changeId', this, prevId, options); 523 } 524 525 // Trigger all relevant attribute changes. 526 if (!silent) { 527 if (changes.length) this._pending = options; 528 for (var i = 0; i < changes.length; i++) { 529 this.trigger('change:' + changes[i], this, current[changes[i]], options); 530 } 531 } 532 533 // You might be wondering why there's a `while` loop here. Changes can 534 // be recursively nested within `"change"` events. 535 if (changing) return this; 536 if (!silent) { 537 while (this._pending) { 538 options = this._pending; 539 this._pending = false; 540 this.trigger('change', this, options); 541 } 542 } 543 this._pending = false; 544 this._changing = false; 545 return this; 546 }, 547 548 // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"`. `unset` is a noop 549 // if the attribute doesn't exist. 550 unset: function(attr, options) { 551 return this.set(attr, void 0, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true})); 552 }, 553 554 // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"`. 555 clear: function(options) { 556 var attrs = {}; 557 for (var key in this.attributes) attrs[key] = void 0; 558 return this.set(attrs, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true})); 559 }, 560 561 // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event. 562 // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed. 563 hasChanged: function(attr) { 564 if (attr == null) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed); 565 return _.has(this.changed, attr); 566 }, 567 568 // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or 569 // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what 570 // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be 571 // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined. 572 // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model, 573 // determining if there *would be* a change. 574 changedAttributes: function(diff) { 575 if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false; 576 var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes : this.attributes; 577 var changed = {}; 578 var hasChanged; 579 for (var attr in diff) { 580 var val = diff[attr]; 581 if (_.isEqual(old[attr], val)) continue; 582 changed[attr] = val; 583 hasChanged = true; 584 } 585 return hasChanged ? changed : false; 586 }, 587 588 // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last 589 // `"change"` event was fired. 590 previous: function(attr) { 591 if (attr == null || !this._previousAttributes) return null; 592 return this._previousAttributes[attr]; 593 }, 594 595 // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous 596 // `"change"` event. 597 previousAttributes: function() { 598 return _.clone(this._previousAttributes); 599 }, 600 601 // Fetch the model from the server, merging the response with the model's 602 // local attributes. Any changed attributes will trigger a "change" event. 603 fetch: function(options) { 604 options = _.extend({parse: true}, options); 605 var model = this; 606 var success = options.success; 607 options.success = function(resp) { 608 var serverAttrs = options.parse ? model.parse(resp, options) : resp; 609 if (!model.set(serverAttrs, options)) return false; 610 if (success) success.call(options.context, model, resp, options); 611 model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); 612 }; 613 wrapError(this, options); 614 return this.sync('read', this, options); 615 }, 616 617 // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server. 618 // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's 619 // state will be `set` again. 620 save: function(key, val, options) { 621 // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments. 622 var attrs; 623 if (key == null || typeof key === 'object') { 624 attrs = key; 625 options = val; 626 } else { 627 (attrs = {})[key] = val; 628 } 629 630 options = _.extend({validate: true, parse: true}, options); 631 var wait = options.wait; 632 633 // If we're not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as 634 // `set(attr).save(null, opts)` with validation. Otherwise, check if 635 // the model will be valid when the attributes, if any, are set. 636 if (attrs && !wait) { 637 if (!this.set(attrs, options)) return false; 638 } else if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) { 639 return false; 640 } 641 642 // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally) 643 // updated with the server-side state. 644 var model = this; 645 var success = options.success; 646 var attributes = this.attributes; 647 options.success = function(resp) { 648 // Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves. 649 model.attributes = attributes; 650 var serverAttrs = options.parse ? model.parse(resp, options) : resp; 651 if (wait) serverAttrs = _.extend({}, attrs, serverAttrs); 652 if (serverAttrs && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) return false; 653 if (success) success.call(options.context, model, resp, options); 654 model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); 655 }; 656 wrapError(this, options); 657 658 // Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}` to properly find new ids. 659 if (attrs && wait) this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs); 660 661 var method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update'; 662 if (method === 'patch' && !options.attrs) options.attrs = attrs; 663 var xhr = this.sync(method, this, options); 664 665 // Restore attributes. 666 this.attributes = attributes; 667 668 return xhr; 669 }, 670 671 // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted. 672 // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one. 673 // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal. 674 destroy: function(options) { 675 options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; 676 var model = this; 677 var success = options.success; 678 var wait = options.wait; 679 680 var destroy = function() { 681 model.stopListening(); 682 model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options); 683 }; 684 685 options.success = function(resp) { 686 if (wait) destroy(); 687 if (success) success.call(options.context, model, resp, options); 688 if (!model.isNew()) model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); 689 }; 690 691 var xhr = false; 692 if (this.isNew()) { 693 _.defer(options.success); 694 } else { 695 wrapError(this, options); 696 xhr = this.sync('delete', this, options); 697 } 698 if (!wait) destroy(); 699 return xhr; 700 }, 701 702 // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're 703 // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint 704 // that will be called. 705 url: function() { 706 var base = 707 _.result(this, 'urlRoot') || 708 _.result(this.collection, 'url') || 709 urlError(); 710 if (this.isNew()) return base; 711 var id = this.get(this.idAttribute); 712 return base.replace(/[^\/]$/, '$&/') + encodeURIComponent(id); 713 }, 714 715 // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on 716 // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along. 717 parse: function(resp, options) { 718 return resp; 719 }, 720 721 // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one. 722 clone: function() { 723 return new this.constructor(this.attributes); 724 }, 725 726 // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id. 727 isNew: function() { 728 return !this.has(this.idAttribute); 729 }, 730 731 // Check if the model is currently in a valid state. 732 isValid: function(options) { 733 return this._validate({}, _.extend({}, options, {validate: true})); 734 }, 735 736 // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes, 737 // returning `true` if all is well. Otherwise, fire an `"invalid"` event. 738 _validate: function(attrs, options) { 739 if (!options.validate || !this.validate) return true; 740 attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs); 741 var error = this.validationError = this.validate(attrs, options) || null; 742 if (!error) return true; 743 this.trigger('invalid', this, error, _.extend(options, {validationError: error})); 744 return false; 745 } 746 747 }); 748 749 // Backbone.Collection 750 // ------------------- 751 752 // If models tend to represent a single row of data, a Backbone Collection is 753 // more analogous to a table full of data ... or a small slice or page of that 754 // table, or a collection of rows that belong together for a particular reason 755 // -- all of the messages in this particular folder, all of the documents 756 // belonging to this particular author, and so on. Collections maintain 757 // indexes of their models, both in order, and for lookup by `id`. 758 759 // Create a new **Collection**, perhaps to contain a specific type of `model`. 760 // If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain 761 // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed. 762 var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) { 763 options || (options = {}); 764 this.preinitialize.apply(this, arguments); 765 if (options.model) this.model = options.model; 766 if (options.comparator !== void 0) this.comparator = options.comparator; 767 this._reset(); 768 this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); 769 if (models) this.reset(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options)); 770 }; 771 772 // Default options for `Collection#set`. 773 var setOptions = {add: true, remove: true, merge: true}; 774 var addOptions = {add: true, remove: false}; 775 776 // Splices `insert` into `array` at index `at`. 777 var splice = function(array, insert, at) { 778 at = Math.min(Math.max(at, 0), array.length); 779 var tail = Array(array.length - at); 780 var length = insert.length; 781 var i; 782 for (i = 0; i < tail.length; i++) tail[i] = array[i + at]; 783 for (i = 0; i < length; i++) array[i + at] = insert[i]; 784 for (i = 0; i < tail.length; i++) array[i + length + at] = tail[i]; 785 }; 786 787 // Define the Collection's inheritable methods. 788 _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, { 789 790 // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**. 791 // This should be overridden in most cases. 792 model: Model, 793 794 795 // preinitialize is an empty function by default. You can override it with a function 796 // or object. preinitialize will run before any instantiation logic is run in the Collection. 797 preinitialize: function(){}, 798 799 // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own 800 // initialization logic. 801 initialize: function(){}, 802 803 // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the 804 // models' attributes. 805 toJSON: function(options) { 806 return this.map(function(model) { return model.toJSON(options); }); 807 }, 808 809 // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default. 810 sync: function() { 811 return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments); 812 }, 813 814 // Add a model, or list of models to the set. `models` may be Backbone 815 // Models or raw JavaScript objects to be converted to Models, or any 816 // combination of the two. 817 add: function(models, options) { 818 return this.set(models, _.extend({merge: false}, options, addOptions)); 819 }, 820 821 // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set. 822 remove: function(models, options) { 823 options = _.extend({}, options); 824 var singular = !_.isArray(models); 825 models = singular ? [models] : models.slice(); 826 var removed = this._removeModels(models, options); 827 if (!options.silent && removed.length) { 828 options.changes = {added: [], merged: [], removed: removed}; 829 this.trigger('update', this, options); 830 } 831 return singular ? removed[0] : removed; 832 }, 833 834 // Update a collection by `set`-ing a new list of models, adding new ones, 835 // removing models that are no longer present, and merging models that 836 // already exist in the collection, as necessary. Similar to **Model#set**, 837 // the core operation for updating the data contained by the collection. 838 set: function(models, options) { 839 if (models == null) return; 840 841 options = _.extend({}, setOptions, options); 842 if (options.parse && !this._isModel(models)) { 843 models = this.parse(models, options) || []; 844 } 845 846 var singular = !_.isArray(models); 847 models = singular ? [models] : models.slice(); 848 849 var at = options.at; 850 if (at != null) at = +at; 851 if (at > this.length) at = this.length; 852 if (at < 0) at += this.length + 1; 853 854 var set = []; 855 var toAdd = []; 856 var toMerge = []; 857 var toRemove = []; 858 var modelMap = {}; 859 860 var add = options.add; 861 var merge = options.merge; 862 var remove = options.remove; 863 864 var sort = false; 865 var sortable = this.comparator && at == null && options.sort !== false; 866 var sortAttr = _.isString(this.comparator) ? this.comparator : null; 867 868 // Turn bare objects into model references, and prevent invalid models 869 // from being added. 870 var model, i; 871 for (i = 0; i < models.length; i++) { 872 model = models[i]; 873 874 // If a duplicate is found, prevent it from being added and 875 // optionally merge it into the existing model. 876 var existing = this.get(model); 877 if (existing) { 878 if (merge && model !== existing) { 879 var attrs = this._isModel(model) ? model.attributes : model; 880 if (options.parse) attrs = existing.parse(attrs, options); 881 existing.set(attrs, options); 882 toMerge.push(existing); 883 if (sortable && !sort) sort = existing.hasChanged(sortAttr); 884 } 885 if (!modelMap[existing.cid]) { 886 modelMap[existing.cid] = true; 887 set.push(existing); 888 } 889 models[i] = existing; 890 891 // If this is a new, valid model, push it to the `toAdd` list. 892 } else if (add) { 893 model = models[i] = this._prepareModel(model, options); 894 if (model) { 895 toAdd.push(model); 896 this._addReference(model, options); 897 modelMap[model.cid] = true; 898 set.push(model); 899 } 900 } 901 } 902 903 // Remove stale models. 904 if (remove) { 905 for (i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { 906 model = this.models[i]; 907 if (!modelMap[model.cid]) toRemove.push(model); 908 } 909 if (toRemove.length) this._removeModels(toRemove, options); 910 } 911 912 // See if sorting is needed, update `length` and splice in new models. 913 var orderChanged = false; 914 var replace = !sortable && add && remove; 915 if (set.length && replace) { 916 orderChanged = this.length !== set.length || _.some(this.models, function(m, index) { 917 return m !== set[index]; 918 }); 919 this.models.length = 0; 920 splice(this.models, set, 0); 921 this.length = this.models.length; 922 } else if (toAdd.length) { 923 if (sortable) sort = true; 924 splice(this.models, toAdd, at == null ? this.length : at); 925 this.length = this.models.length; 926 } 927 928 // Silently sort the collection if appropriate. 929 if (sort) this.sort({silent: true}); 930 931 // Unless silenced, it's time to fire all appropriate add/sort/update events. 932 if (!options.silent) { 933 for (i = 0; i < toAdd.length; i++) { 934 if (at != null) options.index = at + i; 935 model = toAdd[i]; 936 model.trigger('add', model, this, options); 937 } 938 if (sort || orderChanged) this.trigger('sort', this, options); 939 if (toAdd.length || toRemove.length || toMerge.length) { 940 options.changes = { 941 added: toAdd, 942 removed: toRemove, 943 merged: toMerge 944 }; 945 this.trigger('update', this, options); 946 } 947 } 948 949 // Return the added (or merged) model (or models). 950 return singular ? models[0] : models; 951 }, 952 953 // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually, 954 // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing 955 // any granular `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished. 956 // Useful for bulk operations and optimizations. 957 reset: function(models, options) { 958 options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; 959 for (var i = 0; i < this.models.length; i++) { 960 this._removeReference(this.models[i], options); 961 } 962 options.previousModels = this.models; 963 this._reset(); 964 models = this.add(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options)); 965 if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options); 966 return models; 967 }, 968 969 // Add a model to the end of the collection. 970 push: function(model, options) { 971 return this.add(model, _.extend({at: this.length}, options)); 972 }, 973 974 // Remove a model from the end of the collection. 975 pop: function(options) { 976 var model = this.at(this.length - 1); 977 return this.remove(model, options); 978 }, 979 980 // Add a model to the beginning of the collection. 981 unshift: function(model, options) { 982 return this.add(model, _.extend({at: 0}, options)); 983 }, 984 985 // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection. 986 shift: function(options) { 987 var model = this.at(0); 988 return this.remove(model, options); 989 }, 990 991 // Slice out a sub-array of models from the collection. 992 slice: function() { 993 return slice.apply(this.models, arguments); 994 }, 995 996 // Get a model from the set by id, cid, model object with id or cid 997 // properties, or an attributes object that is transformed through modelId. 998 get: function(obj) { 999 if (obj == null) return void 0; 1000 return this._byId[obj] || 1001 this._byId[this.modelId(this._isModel(obj) ? obj.attributes : obj, obj.idAttribute)] || 1002 obj.cid && this._byId[obj.cid]; 1003 }, 1004 1005 // Returns `true` if the model is in the collection. 1006 has: function(obj) { 1007 return this.get(obj) != null; 1008 }, 1009 1010 // Get the model at the given index. 1011 at: function(index) { 1012 if (index < 0) index += this.length; 1013 return this.models[index]; 1014 }, 1015 1016 // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of 1017 // `filter`. 1018 where: function(attrs, first) { 1019 return this[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](attrs); 1020 }, 1021 1022 // Return the first model with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases 1023 // of `find`. 1024 findWhere: function(attrs) { 1025 return this.where(attrs, true); 1026 }, 1027 1028 // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under 1029 // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item 1030 // is added. 1031 sort: function(options) { 1032 var comparator = this.comparator; 1033 if (!comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator'); 1034 options || (options = {}); 1035 1036 var length = comparator.length; 1037 if (_.isFunction(comparator)) comparator = comparator.bind(this); 1038 1039 // Run sort based on type of `comparator`. 1040 if (length === 1 || _.isString(comparator)) { 1041 this.models = this.sortBy(comparator); 1042 } else { 1043 this.models.sort(comparator); 1044 } 1045 if (!options.silent) this.trigger('sort', this, options); 1046 return this; 1047 }, 1048 1049 // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection. 1050 pluck: function(attr) { 1051 return this.map(attr + ''); 1052 }, 1053 1054 // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the 1055 // collection when they arrive. If `reset: true` is passed, the response 1056 // data will be passed through the `reset` method instead of `set`. 1057 fetch: function(options) { 1058 options = _.extend({parse: true}, options); 1059 var success = options.success; 1060 var collection = this; 1061 options.success = function(resp) { 1062 var method = options.reset ? 'reset' : 'set'; 1063 collection[method](resp, options); 1064 if (success) success.call(options.context, collection, resp, options); 1065 collection.trigger('sync', collection, resp, options); 1066 }; 1067 wrapError(this, options); 1068 return this.sync('read', this, options); 1069 }, 1070 1071 // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the 1072 // collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we 1073 // wait for the server to agree. 1074 create: function(model, options) { 1075 options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; 1076 var wait = options.wait; 1077 model = this._prepareModel(model, options); 1078 if (!model) return false; 1079 if (!wait) this.add(model, options); 1080 var collection = this; 1081 var success = options.success; 1082 options.success = function(m, resp, callbackOpts) { 1083 if (wait) collection.add(m, callbackOpts); 1084 if (success) success.call(callbackOpts.context, m, resp, callbackOpts); 1085 }; 1086 model.save(null, options); 1087 return model; 1088 }, 1089 1090 // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the 1091 // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through. 1092 parse: function(resp, options) { 1093 return resp; 1094 }, 1095 1096 // Create a new collection with an identical list of models as this one. 1097 clone: function() { 1098 return new this.constructor(this.models, { 1099 model: this.model, 1100 comparator: this.comparator 1101 }); 1102 }, 1103 1104 // Define how to uniquely identify models in the collection. 1105 modelId: function(attrs, idAttribute) { 1106 return attrs[idAttribute || this.model.prototype.idAttribute || 'id']; 1107 }, 1108 1109 // Get an iterator of all models in this collection. 1110 values: function() { 1111 return new CollectionIterator(this, ITERATOR_VALUES); 1112 }, 1113 1114 // Get an iterator of all model IDs in this collection. 1115 keys: function() { 1116 return new CollectionIterator(this, ITERATOR_KEYS); 1117 }, 1118 1119 // Get an iterator of all [ID, model] tuples in this collection. 1120 entries: function() { 1121 return new CollectionIterator(this, ITERATOR_KEYSVALUES); 1122 }, 1123 1124 // Private method to reset all internal state. Called when the collection 1125 // is first initialized or reset. 1126 _reset: function() { 1127 this.length = 0; 1128 this.models = []; 1129 this._byId = {}; 1130 }, 1131 1132 // Prepare a hash of attributes (or other model) to be added to this 1133 // collection. 1134 _prepareModel: function(attrs, options) { 1135 if (this._isModel(attrs)) { 1136 if (!attrs.collection) attrs.collection = this; 1137 return attrs; 1138 } 1139 options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; 1140 options.collection = this; 1141 1142 var model; 1143 if (this.model.prototype) { 1144 model = new this.model(attrs, options); 1145 } else { 1146 // ES class methods didn't have prototype 1147 model = this.model(attrs, options); 1148 } 1149 1150 if (!model.validationError) return model; 1151 this.trigger('invalid', this, model.validationError, options); 1152 return false; 1153 }, 1154 1155 // Internal method called by both remove and set. 1156 _removeModels: function(models, options) { 1157 var removed = []; 1158 for (var i = 0; i < models.length; i++) { 1159 var model = this.get(models[i]); 1160 if (!model) continue; 1161 1162 var index = this.indexOf(model); 1163 this.models.splice(index, 1); 1164 this.length--; 1165 1166 // Remove references before triggering 'remove' event to prevent an 1167 // infinite loop. #3693 1168 delete this._byId[model.cid]; 1169 var id = this.modelId(model.attributes, model.idAttribute); 1170 if (id != null) delete this._byId[id]; 1171 1172 if (!options.silent) { 1173 options.index = index; 1174 model.trigger('remove', model, this, options); 1175 } 1176 1177 removed.push(model); 1178 this._removeReference(model, options); 1179 } 1180 return removed; 1181 }, 1182 1183 // Method for checking whether an object should be considered a model for 1184 // the purposes of adding to the collection. 1185 _isModel: function(model) { 1186 return model instanceof Model; 1187 }, 1188 1189 // Internal method to create a model's ties to a collection. 1190 _addReference: function(model, options) { 1191 this._byId[model.cid] = model; 1192 var id = this.modelId(model.attributes, model.idAttribute); 1193 if (id != null) this._byId[id] = model; 1194 model.on('all', this._onModelEvent, this); 1195 }, 1196 1197 // Internal method to sever a model's ties to a collection. 1198 _removeReference: function(model, options) { 1199 delete this._byId[model.cid]; 1200 var id = this.modelId(model.attributes, model.idAttribute); 1201 if (id != null) delete this._byId[id]; 1202 if (this === model.collection) delete model.collection; 1203 model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this); 1204 }, 1205 1206 // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event. 1207 // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other 1208 // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate 1209 // in other collections are ignored. 1210 _onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) { 1211 if (model) { 1212 if ((event === 'add' || event === 'remove') && collection !== this) return; 1213 if (event === 'destroy') this.remove(model, options); 1214 if (event === 'changeId') { 1215 var prevId = this.modelId(model.previousAttributes(), model.idAttribute); 1216 var id = this.modelId(model.attributes, model.idAttribute); 1217 if (prevId != null) delete this._byId[prevId]; 1218 if (id != null) this._byId[id] = model; 1219 } 1220 } 1221 this.trigger.apply(this, arguments); 1222 } 1223 1224 }); 1225 1226 // Defining an @@iterator method implements JavaScript's Iterable protocol. 1227 // In modern ES2015 browsers, this value is found at Symbol.iterator. 1228 /* global Symbol */ 1229 var $$iterator = typeof Symbol === 'function' && Symbol.iterator; 1230 if ($$iterator) { 1231 Collection.prototype[$$iterator] = Collection.prototype.values; 1232 } 1233 1234 // CollectionIterator 1235 // ------------------ 1236 1237 // A CollectionIterator implements JavaScript's Iterator protocol, allowing the 1238 // use of `for of` loops in modern browsers and interoperation between 1239 // Backbone.Collection and other JavaScript functions and third-party libraries 1240 // which can operate on Iterables. 1241 var CollectionIterator = function(collection, kind) { 1242 this._collection = collection; 1243 this._kind = kind; 1244 this._index = 0; 1245 }; 1246 1247 // This "enum" defines the three possible kinds of values which can be emitted 1248 // by a CollectionIterator that correspond to the values(), keys() and entries() 1249 // methods on Collection, respectively. 1250 var ITERATOR_VALUES = 1; 1251 var ITERATOR_KEYS = 2; 1252 var ITERATOR_KEYSVALUES = 3; 1253 1254 // All Iterators should themselves be Iterable. 1255 if ($$iterator) { 1256 CollectionIterator.prototype[$$iterator] = function() { 1257 return this; 1258 }; 1259 } 1260 1261 CollectionIterator.prototype.next = function() { 1262 if (this._collection) { 1263 1264 // Only continue iterating if the iterated collection is long enough. 1265 if (this._index < this._collection.length) { 1266 var model = this._collection.at(this._index); 1267 this._index++; 1268 1269 // Construct a value depending on what kind of values should be iterated. 1270 var value; 1271 if (this._kind === ITERATOR_VALUES) { 1272 value = model; 1273 } else { 1274 var id = this._collection.modelId(model.attributes, model.idAttribute); 1275 if (this._kind === ITERATOR_KEYS) { 1276 value = id; 1277 } else { // ITERATOR_KEYSVALUES 1278 value = [id, model]; 1279 } 1280 } 1281 return {value: value, done: false}; 1282 } 1283 1284 // Once exhausted, remove the reference to the collection so future 1285 // calls to the next method always return done. 1286 this._collection = void 0; 1287 } 1288 1289 return {value: void 0, done: true}; 1290 }; 1291 1292 // Backbone.View 1293 // ------------- 1294 1295 // Backbone Views are almost more convention than they are actual code. A View 1296 // is simply a JavaScript object that represents a logical chunk of UI in the 1297 // DOM. This might be a single item, an entire list, a sidebar or panel, or 1298 // even the surrounding frame which wraps your whole app. Defining a chunk of 1299 // UI as a **View** allows you to define your DOM events declaratively, without 1300 // having to worry about render order ... and makes it easy for the view to 1301 // react to specific changes in the state of your models. 1302 1303 // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM, 1304 // if an existing element is not provided... 1305 var View = Backbone.View = function(options) { 1306 this.cid = _.uniqueId('view'); 1307 this.preinitialize.apply(this, arguments); 1308 _.extend(this, _.pick(options, viewOptions)); 1309 this._ensureElement(); 1310 this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); 1311 }; 1312 1313 // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`. 1314 var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/; 1315 1316 // List of view options to be set as properties. 1317 var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName', 'events']; 1318 1319 // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods. 1320 _.extend(View.prototype, Events, { 1321 1322 // The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`. 1323 tagName: 'div', 1324 1325 // jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the 1326 // current view. This should be preferred to global lookups where possible. 1327 $: function(selector) { 1328 return this.$el.find(selector); 1329 }, 1330 1331 // preinitialize is an empty function by default. You can override it with a function 1332 // or object. preinitialize will run before any instantiation logic is run in the View 1333 preinitialize: function(){}, 1334 1335 // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own 1336 // initialization logic. 1337 initialize: function(){}, 1338 1339 // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order 1340 // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The 1341 // convention is for **render** to always return `this`. 1342 render: function() { 1343 return this; 1344 }, 1345 1346 // Remove this view by taking the element out of the DOM, and removing any 1347 // applicable Backbone.Events listeners. 1348 remove: function() { 1349 this._removeElement(); 1350 this.stopListening(); 1351 return this; 1352 }, 1353 1354 // Remove this view's element from the document and all event listeners 1355 // attached to it. Exposed for subclasses using an alternative DOM 1356 // manipulation API. 1357 _removeElement: function() { 1358 this.$el.remove(); 1359 }, 1360 1361 // Change the view's element (`this.el` property) and re-delegate the 1362 // view's events on the new element. 1363 setElement: function(element) { 1364 this.undelegateEvents(); 1365 this._setElement(element); 1366 this.delegateEvents(); 1367 return this; 1368 }, 1369 1370 // Creates the `this.el` and `this.$el` references for this view using the 1371 // given `el`. `el` can be a CSS selector or an HTML string, a jQuery 1372 // context or an element. Subclasses can override this to utilize an 1373 // alternative DOM manipulation API and are only required to set the 1374 // `this.el` property. 1375 _setElement: function(el) { 1376 this.$el = el instanceof Backbone.$ ? el : Backbone.$(el); 1377 this.el = this.$el[0]; 1378 }, 1379 1380 // Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of 1381 // 1382 // *{"event selector": "callback"}* 1383 // 1384 // { 1385 // 'mousedown .title': 'edit', 1386 // 'click .button': 'save', 1387 // 'click .open': function(e) { ... } 1388 // } 1389 // 1390 // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly. 1391 // Uses event delegation for efficiency. 1392 // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`. 1393 delegateEvents: function(events) { 1394 events || (events = _.result(this, 'events')); 1395 if (!events) return this; 1396 this.undelegateEvents(); 1397 for (var key in events) { 1398 var method = events[key]; 1399 if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[method]; 1400 if (!method) continue; 1401 var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter); 1402 this.delegate(match[1], match[2], method.bind(this)); 1403 } 1404 return this; 1405 }, 1406 1407 // Add a single event listener to the view's element (or a child element 1408 // using `selector`). This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`, 1409 // `blur`, and not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer. 1410 delegate: function(eventName, selector, listener) { 1411 this.$el.on(eventName + '.delegateEvents' + this.cid, selector, listener); 1412 return this; 1413 }, 1414 1415 // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view by `delegateEvents`. 1416 // You usually don't need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple 1417 // Backbone views attached to the same DOM element. 1418 undelegateEvents: function() { 1419 if (this.$el) this.$el.off('.delegateEvents' + this.cid); 1420 return this; 1421 }, 1422 1423 // A finer-grained `undelegateEvents` for removing a single delegated event. 1424 // `selector` and `listener` are both optional. 1425 undelegate: function(eventName, selector, listener) { 1426 this.$el.off(eventName + '.delegateEvents' + this.cid, selector, listener); 1427 return this; 1428 }, 1429 1430 // Produces a DOM element to be assigned to your view. Exposed for 1431 // subclasses using an alternative DOM manipulation API. 1432 _createElement: function(tagName) { 1433 return document.createElement(tagName); 1434 }, 1435 1436 // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into. 1437 // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first 1438 // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create 1439 // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties. 1440 _ensureElement: function() { 1441 if (!this.el) { 1442 var attrs = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'attributes')); 1443 if (this.id) attrs.id = _.result(this, 'id'); 1444 if (this.className) attrs['class'] = _.result(this, 'className'); 1445 this.setElement(this._createElement(_.result(this, 'tagName'))); 1446 this._setAttributes(attrs); 1447 } else { 1448 this.setElement(_.result(this, 'el')); 1449 } 1450 }, 1451 1452 // Set attributes from a hash on this view's element. Exposed for 1453 // subclasses using an alternative DOM manipulation API. 1454 _setAttributes: function(attributes) { 1455 this.$el.attr(attributes); 1456 } 1457 1458 }); 1459 1460 // Proxy Backbone class methods to Underscore functions, wrapping the model's 1461 // `attributes` object or collection's `models` array behind the scenes. 1462 // 1463 // collection.filter(function(model) { return model.get('age') > 10 }); 1464 // collection.each(this.addView); 1465 // 1466 // `Function#apply` can be slow so we use the method's arg count, if we know it. 1467 var addMethod = function(base, length, method, attribute) { 1468 switch (length) { 1469 case 1: return function() { 1470 return base[method](this[attribute]); 1471 }; 1472 case 2: return function(value) { 1473 return base[method](this[attribute], value); 1474 }; 1475 case 3: return function(iteratee, context) { 1476 return base[method](this[attribute], cb(iteratee, this), context); 1477 }; 1478 case 4: return function(iteratee, defaultVal, context) { 1479 return base[method](this[attribute], cb(iteratee, this), defaultVal, context); 1480 }; 1481 default: return function() { 1482 var args = slice.call(arguments); 1483 args.unshift(this[attribute]); 1484 return base[method].apply(base, args); 1485 }; 1486 } 1487 }; 1488 1489 var addUnderscoreMethods = function(Class, base, methods, attribute) { 1490 _.each(methods, function(length, method) { 1491 if (base[method]) Class.prototype[method] = addMethod(base, length, method, attribute); 1492 }); 1493 }; 1494 1495 // Support `collection.sortBy('attr')` and `collection.findWhere({id: 1})`. 1496 var cb = function(iteratee, instance) { 1497 if (_.isFunction(iteratee)) return iteratee; 1498 if (_.isObject(iteratee) && !instance._isModel(iteratee)) return modelMatcher(iteratee); 1499 if (_.isString(iteratee)) return function(model) { return model.get(iteratee); }; 1500 return iteratee; 1501 }; 1502 var modelMatcher = function(attrs) { 1503 var matcher = _.matches(attrs); 1504 return function(model) { 1505 return matcher(model.attributes); 1506 }; 1507 }; 1508 1509 // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection. 1510 // 90% of the core usefulness of Backbone Collections is actually implemented 1511 // right here: 1512 var collectionMethods = {forEach: 3, each: 3, map: 3, collect: 3, reduce: 0, 1513 foldl: 0, inject: 0, reduceRight: 0, foldr: 0, find: 3, detect: 3, filter: 3, 1514 select: 3, reject: 3, every: 3, all: 3, some: 3, any: 3, include: 3, includes: 3, 1515 contains: 3, invoke: 0, max: 3, min: 3, toArray: 1, size: 1, first: 3, 1516 head: 3, take: 3, initial: 3, rest: 3, tail: 3, drop: 3, last: 3, 1517 without: 0, difference: 0, indexOf: 3, shuffle: 1, lastIndexOf: 3, 1518 isEmpty: 1, chain: 1, sample: 3, partition: 3, groupBy: 3, countBy: 3, 1519 sortBy: 3, indexBy: 3, findIndex: 3, findLastIndex: 3}; 1520 1521 1522 // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model, mapped to the 1523 // number of arguments they take. 1524 var modelMethods = {keys: 1, values: 1, pairs: 1, invert: 1, pick: 0, 1525 omit: 0, chain: 1, isEmpty: 1}; 1526 1527 // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`. 1528 1529 _.each([ 1530 [Collection, collectionMethods, 'models'], 1531 [Model, modelMethods, 'attributes'] 1532 ], function(config) { 1533 var Base = config[0], 1534 methods = config[1], 1535 attribute = config[2]; 1536 1537 Base.mixin = function(obj) { 1538 var mappings = _.reduce(_.functions(obj), function(memo, name) { 1539 memo[name] = 0; 1540 return memo; 1541 }, {}); 1542 addUnderscoreMethods(Base, obj, mappings, attribute); 1543 }; 1544 1545 addUnderscoreMethods(Base, _, methods, attribute); 1546 }); 1547 1548 // Backbone.sync 1549 // ------------- 1550 1551 // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists 1552 // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the 1553 // model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request 1554 // to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be: 1555 // 1556 // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request. 1557 // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON. 1558 // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax. 1559 // 1560 // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests 1561 // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method, 1562 // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` 1563 // instead of `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`. 1564 // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make 1565 // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests. 1566 Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) { 1567 var type = methodMap[method]; 1568 1569 // Default options, unless specified. 1570 _.defaults(options || (options = {}), { 1571 emulateHTTP: Backbone.emulateHTTP, 1572 emulateJSON: Backbone.emulateJSON 1573 }); 1574 1575 // Default JSON-request options. 1576 var params = {type: type, dataType: 'json'}; 1577 1578 // Ensure that we have a URL. 1579 if (!options.url) { 1580 params.url = _.result(model, 'url') || urlError(); 1581 } 1582 1583 // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data. 1584 if (options.data == null && model && (method === 'create' || method === 'update' || method === 'patch')) { 1585 params.contentType = 'application/json'; 1586 params.data = JSON.stringify(options.attrs || model.toJSON(options)); 1587 } 1588 1589 // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form. 1590 if (options.emulateJSON) { 1591 params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'; 1592 params.data = params.data ? {model: params.data} : {}; 1593 } 1594 1595 // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method` 1596 // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header. 1597 if (options.emulateHTTP && (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE' || type === 'PATCH')) { 1598 params.type = 'POST'; 1599 if (options.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type; 1600 var beforeSend = options.beforeSend; 1601 options.beforeSend = function(xhr) { 1602 xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type); 1603 if (beforeSend) return beforeSend.apply(this, arguments); 1604 }; 1605 } 1606 1607 // Don't process data on a non-GET request. 1608 if (params.type !== 'GET' && !options.emulateJSON) { 1609 params.processData = false; 1610 } 1611 1612 // Pass along `textStatus` and `errorThrown` from jQuery. 1613 var error = options.error; 1614 options.error = function(xhr, textStatus, errorThrown) { 1615 options.textStatus = textStatus; 1616 options.errorThrown = errorThrown; 1617 if (error) error.call(options.context, xhr, textStatus, errorThrown); 1618 }; 1619 1620 // Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options. 1621 var xhr = options.xhr = Backbone.ajax(_.extend(params, options)); 1622 model.trigger('request', model, xhr, options); 1623 return xhr; 1624 }; 1625 1626 // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation. 1627 var methodMap = { 1628 'create': 'POST', 1629 'update': 'PUT', 1630 'patch': 'PATCH', 1631 'delete': 'DELETE', 1632 'read': 'GET' 1633 }; 1634 1635 // Set the default implementation of `Backbone.ajax` to proxy through to `$`. 1636 // Override this if you'd like to use a different library. 1637 Backbone.ajax = function() { 1638 return Backbone.$.ajax.apply(Backbone.$, arguments); 1639 }; 1640 1641 // Backbone.Router 1642 // --------------- 1643 1644 // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are 1645 // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically. 1646 var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) { 1647 options || (options = {}); 1648 this.preinitialize.apply(this, arguments); 1649 if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes; 1650 this._bindRoutes(); 1651 this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); 1652 }; 1653 1654 // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted 1655 // parts of route strings. 1656 var optionalParam = /\((.*?)\)/g; 1657 var namedParam = /(\(\?)?:\w+/g; 1658 var splatParam = /\*\w+/g; 1659 var escapeRegExp = /[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g; 1660 1661 // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods. 1662 _.extend(Router.prototype, Events, { 1663 1664 // preinitialize is an empty function by default. You can override it with a function 1665 // or object. preinitialize will run before any instantiation logic is run in the Router. 1666 preinitialize: function(){}, 1667 1668 // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own 1669 // initialization logic. 1670 initialize: function(){}, 1671 1672 // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example: 1673 // 1674 // this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) { 1675 // ... 1676 // }); 1677 // 1678 route: function(route, name, callback) { 1679 if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route); 1680 if (_.isFunction(name)) { 1681 callback = name; 1682 name = ''; 1683 } 1684 if (!callback) callback = this[name]; 1685 var router = this; 1686 Backbone.history.route(route, function(fragment) { 1687 var args = router._extractParameters(route, fragment); 1688 if (router.execute(callback, args, name) !== false) { 1689 router.trigger.apply(router, ['route:' + name].concat(args)); 1690 router.trigger('route', name, args); 1691 Backbone.history.trigger('route', router, name, args); 1692 } 1693 }); 1694 return this; 1695 }, 1696 1697 // Execute a route handler with the provided parameters. This is an 1698 // excellent place to do pre-route setup or post-route cleanup. 1699 execute: function(callback, args, name) { 1700 if (callback) callback.apply(this, args); 1701 }, 1702 1703 // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history. 1704 navigate: function(fragment, options) { 1705 Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options); 1706 return this; 1707 }, 1708 1709 // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the 1710 // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general 1711 // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map. 1712 _bindRoutes: function() { 1713 if (!this.routes) return; 1714 this.routes = _.result(this, 'routes'); 1715 var route, routes = _.keys(this.routes); 1716 while ((route = routes.pop()) != null) { 1717 this.route(route, this.routes[route]); 1718 } 1719 }, 1720 1721 // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching 1722 // against the current location hash. 1723 _routeToRegExp: function(route) { 1724 route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\\$&') 1725 .replace(optionalParam, '(?:$1)?') 1726 .replace(namedParam, function(match, optional) { 1727 return optional ? match : '([^/?]+)'; 1728 }) 1729 .replace(splatParam, '([^?]*?)'); 1730 return new RegExp('^' + route + '(?:\\?([\\s\\S]*))?$'); 1731 }, 1732 1733 // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of 1734 // extracted decoded parameters. Empty or unmatched parameters will be 1735 // treated as `null` to normalize cross-browser behavior. 1736 _extractParameters: function(route, fragment) { 1737 var params = route.exec(fragment).slice(1); 1738 return _.map(params, function(param, i) { 1739 // Don't decode the search params. 1740 if (i === params.length - 1) return param || null; 1741 return param ? decodeURIComponent(param) : null; 1742 }); 1743 } 1744 1745 }); 1746 1747 // Backbone.History 1748 // ---------------- 1749 1750 // Handles cross-browser history management, based on either 1751 // [pushState](http://diveintohtml5.info/history.html) and real URLs, or 1752 // [onhashchange](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.onhashchange) 1753 // and URL fragments. If the browser supports neither (old IE, natch), 1754 // falls back to polling. 1755 var History = Backbone.History = function() { 1756 this.handlers = []; 1757 this.checkUrl = this.checkUrl.bind(this); 1758 1759 // Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser. 1760 if (typeof window !== 'undefined') { 1761 this.location = window.location; 1762 this.history = window.history; 1763 } 1764 }; 1765 1766 // Cached regex for stripping a leading hash/slash and trailing space. 1767 var routeStripper = /^[#\/]|\s+$/g; 1768 1769 // Cached regex for stripping leading and trailing slashes. 1770 var rootStripper = /^\/+|\/+$/g; 1771 1772 // Cached regex for stripping urls of hash. 1773 var pathStripper = /#.*$/; 1774 1775 // Has the history handling already been started? 1776 History.started = false; 1777 1778 // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods. 1779 _.extend(History.prototype, Events, { 1780 1781 // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is 1782 // twenty times a second. 1783 interval: 50, 1784 1785 // Are we at the app root? 1786 atRoot: function() { 1787 var path = this.location.pathname.replace(/[^\/]$/, '$&/'); 1788 return path === this.root && !this.getSearch(); 1789 }, 1790 1791 // Does the pathname match the root? 1792 matchRoot: function() { 1793 var path = this.decodeFragment(this.location.pathname); 1794 var rootPath = path.slice(0, this.root.length - 1) + '/'; 1795 return rootPath === this.root; 1796 }, 1797 1798 // Unicode characters in `location.pathname` are percent encoded so they're 1799 // decoded for comparison. `%25` should not be decoded since it may be part 1800 // of an encoded parameter. 1801 decodeFragment: function(fragment) { 1802 return decodeURI(fragment.replace(/%25/g, '%2525')); 1803 }, 1804 1805 // In IE6, the hash fragment and search params are incorrect if the 1806 // fragment contains `?`. 1807 getSearch: function() { 1808 var match = this.location.href.replace(/#.*/, '').match(/\?.+/); 1809 return match ? match[0] : ''; 1810 }, 1811 1812 // Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug 1813 // in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded. 1814 getHash: function(window) { 1815 var match = (window || this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/); 1816 return match ? match[1] : ''; 1817 }, 1818 1819 // Get the pathname and search params, without the root. 1820 getPath: function() { 1821 var path = this.decodeFragment( 1822 this.location.pathname + this.getSearch() 1823 ).slice(this.root.length - 1); 1824 return path.charAt(0) === '/' ? path.slice(1) : path; 1825 }, 1826 1827 // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment from the path or hash. 1828 getFragment: function(fragment) { 1829 if (fragment == null) { 1830 if (this._usePushState || !this._wantsHashChange) { 1831 fragment = this.getPath(); 1832 } else { 1833 fragment = this.getHash(); 1834 } 1835 } 1836 return fragment.replace(routeStripper, ''); 1837 }, 1838 1839 // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches 1840 // an existing route, and `false` otherwise. 1841 start: function(options) { 1842 if (History.started) throw new Error('Backbone.history has already been started'); 1843 History.started = true; 1844 1845 // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe? 1846 // Is pushState desired ... is it available? 1847 this.options = _.extend({root: '/'}, this.options, options); 1848 this.root = this.options.root; 1849 this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false; 1850 this._hasHashChange = 'onhashchange' in window && (document.documentMode === void 0 || document.documentMode > 7); 1851 this._useHashChange = this._wantsHashChange && this._hasHashChange; 1852 this._wantsPushState = !!this.options.pushState; 1853 this._hasPushState = !!(this.history && this.history.pushState); 1854 this._usePushState = this._wantsPushState && this._hasPushState; 1855 this.fragment = this.getFragment(); 1856 1857 // Normalize root to always include a leading and trailing slash. 1858 this.root = ('/' + this.root + '/').replace(rootStripper, '/'); 1859 1860 // Transition from hashChange to pushState or vice versa if both are 1861 // requested. 1862 if (this._wantsHashChange && this._wantsPushState) { 1863 1864 // If we've started off with a route from a `pushState`-enabled 1865 // browser, but we're currently in a browser that doesn't support it... 1866 if (!this._hasPushState && !this.atRoot()) { 1867 var rootPath = this.root.slice(0, -1) || '/'; 1868 this.location.replace(rootPath + '#' + this.getPath()); 1869 // Return immediately as browser will do redirect to new url 1870 return true; 1871 1872 // Or if we've started out with a hash-based route, but we're currently 1873 // in a browser where it could be `pushState`-based instead... 1874 } else if (this._hasPushState && this.atRoot()) { 1875 this.navigate(this.getHash(), {replace: true}); 1876 } 1877 1878 } 1879 1880 // Proxy an iframe to handle location events if the browser doesn't 1881 // support the `hashchange` event, HTML5 history, or the user wants 1882 // `hashChange` but not `pushState`. 1883 if (!this._hasHashChange && this._wantsHashChange && !this._usePushState) { 1884 this.iframe = document.createElement('iframe'); 1885 this.iframe.src = 'javascript:0'; 1886 this.iframe.style.display = 'none'; 1887 this.iframe.tabIndex = -1; 1888 var body = document.body; 1889 // Using `appendChild` will throw on IE < 9 if the document is not ready. 1890 var iWindow = body.insertBefore(this.iframe, body.firstChild).contentWindow; 1891 iWindow.document.open(); 1892 iWindow.document.close(); 1893 iWindow.location.hash = '#' + this.fragment; 1894 } 1895 1896 // Add a cross-platform `addEventListener` shim for older browsers. 1897 var addEventListener = window.addEventListener || function(eventName, listener) { 1898 return attachEvent('on' + eventName, listener); 1899 }; 1900 1901 // Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether 1902 // 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state. 1903 if (this._usePushState) { 1904 addEventListener('popstate', this.checkUrl, false); 1905 } else if (this._useHashChange && !this.iframe) { 1906 addEventListener('hashchange', this.checkUrl, false); 1907 } else if (this._wantsHashChange) { 1908 this._checkUrlInterval = setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval); 1909 } 1910 1911 if (!this.options.silent) return this.loadUrl(); 1912 }, 1913 1914 // Disable Backbone.history, perhaps temporarily. Not useful in a real app, 1915 // but possibly useful for unit testing Routers. 1916 stop: function() { 1917 // Add a cross-platform `removeEventListener` shim for older browsers. 1918 var removeEventListener = window.removeEventListener || function(eventName, listener) { 1919 return detachEvent('on' + eventName, listener); 1920 }; 1921 1922 // Remove window listeners. 1923 if (this._usePushState) { 1924 removeEventListener('popstate', this.checkUrl, false); 1925 } else if (this._useHashChange && !this.iframe) { 1926 removeEventListener('hashchange', this.checkUrl, false); 1927 } 1928 1929 // Clean up the iframe if necessary. 1930 if (this.iframe) { 1931 document.body.removeChild(this.iframe); 1932 this.iframe = null; 1933 } 1934 1935 // Some environments will throw when clearing an undefined interval. 1936 if (this._checkUrlInterval) clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval); 1937 History.started = false; 1938 }, 1939 1940 // Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later 1941 // may override previous routes. 1942 route: function(route, callback) { 1943 this.handlers.unshift({route: route, callback: callback}); 1944 }, 1945 1946 // Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has, 1947 // calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe. 1948 checkUrl: function(e) { 1949 var current = this.getFragment(); 1950 1951 // If the user pressed the back button, the iframe's hash will have 1952 // changed and we should use that for comparison. 1953 if (current === this.fragment && this.iframe) { 1954 current = this.getHash(this.iframe.contentWindow); 1955 } 1956 1957 if (current === this.fragment) return false; 1958 if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current); 1959 this.loadUrl(); 1960 }, 1961 1962 // Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a 1963 // match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment, 1964 // returns `false`. 1965 loadUrl: function(fragment) { 1966 // If the root doesn't match, no routes can match either. 1967 if (!this.matchRoot()) return false; 1968 fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragment); 1969 return _.some(this.handlers, function(handler) { 1970 if (handler.route.test(fragment)) { 1971 handler.callback(fragment); 1972 return true; 1973 } 1974 }); 1975 }, 1976 1977 // Save a fragment into the hash history, or replace the URL state if the 1978 // 'replace' option is passed. You are responsible for properly URL-encoding 1979 // the fragment in advance. 1980 // 1981 // The options object can contain `trigger: true` if you wish to have the 1982 // route callback be fired (not usually desirable), or `replace: true`, if 1983 // you wish to modify the current URL without adding an entry to the history. 1984 navigate: function(fragment, options) { 1985 if (!History.started) return false; 1986 if (!options || options === true) options = {trigger: !!options}; 1987 1988 // Normalize the fragment. 1989 fragment = this.getFragment(fragment || ''); 1990 1991 // Don't include a trailing slash on the root. 1992 var rootPath = this.root; 1993 if (fragment === '' || fragment.charAt(0) === '?') { 1994 rootPath = rootPath.slice(0, -1) || '/'; 1995 } 1996 var url = rootPath + fragment; 1997 1998 // Strip the fragment of the query and hash for matching. 1999 fragment = fragment.replace(pathStripper, ''); 2000 2001 // Decode for matching. 2002 var decodedFragment = this.decodeFragment(fragment); 2003 2004 if (this.fragment === decodedFragment) return; 2005 this.fragment = decodedFragment; 2006 2007 // If pushState is available, we use it to set the fragment as a real URL. 2008 if (this._usePushState) { 2009 this.history[options.replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState']({}, document.title, url); 2010 2011 // If hash changes haven't been explicitly disabled, update the hash 2012 // fragment to store history. 2013 } else if (this._wantsHashChange) { 2014 this._updateHash(this.location, fragment, options.replace); 2015 if (this.iframe && fragment !== this.getHash(this.iframe.contentWindow)) { 2016 var iWindow = this.iframe.contentWindow; 2017 2018 // Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a 2019 // history entry on hash-tag change. When replace is true, we don't 2020 // want this. 2021 if (!options.replace) { 2022 iWindow.document.open(); 2023 iWindow.document.close(); 2024 } 2025 2026 this._updateHash(iWindow.location, fragment, options.replace); 2027 } 2028 2029 // If you've told us that you explicitly don't want fallback hashchange- 2030 // based history, then `navigate` becomes a page refresh. 2031 } else { 2032 return this.location.assign(url); 2033 } 2034 if (options.trigger) return this.loadUrl(fragment); 2035 }, 2036 2037 // Update the hash location, either replacing the current entry, or adding 2038 // a new one to the browser history. 2039 _updateHash: function(location, fragment, replace) { 2040 if (replace) { 2041 var href = location.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/, ''); 2042 location.replace(href + '#' + fragment); 2043 } else { 2044 // Some browsers require that `hash` contains a leading #. 2045 location.hash = '#' + fragment; 2046 } 2047 } 2048 2049 }); 2050 2051 // Create the default Backbone.history. 2052 Backbone.history = new History; 2053 2054 // Helpers 2055 // ------- 2056 2057 // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain for subclasses. 2058 // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and 2059 // class properties to be extended. 2060 var extend = function(protoProps, staticProps) { 2061 var parent = this; 2062 var child; 2063 2064 // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you 2065 // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted 2066 // by us to simply call the parent constructor. 2067 if (protoProps && _.has(protoProps, 'constructor')) { 2068 child = protoProps.constructor; 2069 } else { 2070 child = function(){ return parent.apply(this, arguments); }; 2071 } 2072 2073 // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied. 2074 _.extend(child, parent, staticProps); 2075 2076 // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling 2077 // `parent`'s constructor function and add the prototype properties. 2078 child.prototype = _.create(parent.prototype, protoProps); 2079 child.prototype.constructor = child; 2080 2081 // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed 2082 // later. 2083 child.__super__ = parent.prototype; 2084 2085 return child; 2086 }; 2087 2088 // Set up inheritance for the model, collection, router, view and history. 2089 Model.extend = Collection.extend = Router.extend = View.extend = History.extend = extend; 2090 2091 // Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied. 2092 var urlError = function() { 2093 throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified'); 2094 }; 2095 2096 // Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event. 2097 var wrapError = function(model, options) { 2098 var error = options.error; 2099 options.error = function(resp) { 2100 if (error) error.call(options.context, model, resp, options); 2101 model.trigger('error', model, resp, options); 2102 }; 2103 }; 2104 2105 return Backbone; 2106 });
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